Technical Bulletin No. 0816: Effects of Western Hemlock Wood Leachate on the Early Life Stage and Life Cycle of the Fathead Minnow

A fathead minnow life-cycle test was used to determine whether 62.5 g wood chip/L water leachate from western hemlock wood chips had reproductive effects. Leachate, produced by soaking wood chips for 5 d at ambient temperature was higher in BOD but similar in COD, color, tannin/lignin, and phytosterol content to secondary treated pulp and paper mill effluents.